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Formal retail in Addis is multiplying, and it is multiplying in a particular shape: domestic groups adding a third and fourth branch. That shape is exactly what a single-shop spreadsheet cannot survive.
Advice about barcode scanning usually assumes every product arrives with a barcode. In an Ethiopian shop, a good share of what you sell does not. That does not mean scanning is off the table; it means you need two answers.
Most VAT errors at a counter are not evasion. They are one multiplication done in the wrong direction, repeated a few thousand times a year.
